microeconomics. ” Spiegel claims that Lionel Robbins’s ESSAY ON THE NATURE AND

relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses ” Spiegel finds (p. 528) in Philip Wicksteed’s view that efficient resource administration is the goal of economics, while the laws it develops are applicable to all choice situations. For Spiegel, Robbins’s ESSAY appeared at the end of the heyday of microeconomic theory because (pp. 536-7) “modern economics ” took another direction with the advent of Keynesianism. The rise of macroeconomics in the 1930s led to the abandonment of methodological individualism in favor of aggregative analysis, as well as the replacement of cause and effect analysis with mutual interdependence and mathematical model-building. Further, Spiegel goes on to identify Ludwig von Mises’s HUMAN ACTION as an extension and culmination of Robbins’s expansion of the scope of methodologically individualistic microeconomic theorizing beyond the conventional borders of the discipline. Consequently, Spiegel (p. 543) concludes, “…the unyielding tenacity with which Mises adhered to his views place him in an extreme position, remote from the mainstream of economic thought and considered utopian by many of his contemporaries.” 2 Spiegel is incorrect in his judgment that Mises’s methodology is an extension o